Chapter 4 Aerodromes

ICAO Annex 14

All aerodromes have a movement area, a maneuvering area and an apron.

Controlled aerodromes must have a control tower which has a visual room.

If the aerodrome accepts non-radio traffic, there must be a signals area laid on the ground, which has to be visible from the air.

Apron

A defined area on a land aerodrome provided for the stationing of aircraft for the embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, the loading and unloading of cargo and for parking.

Manoeuvring area

That part of an aerodrome provided for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the movement of aircraft on the surface, excluding the apron and any part of the aerodrome provided for the maintenance of aircraft.

Movement area

That part of an aerodrome intended for the surface movement of aircraft including the manoeuvring area, aprons and any part of the aerodrome provided for the maintenance of aircraft.

Visibility

The ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlit objects by day and prominent lit objects by night.

ACN - PCN

4.0.1 Distances

  1. take off run available (TORA);

  2. take off distance available (TODA);

  3. accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA);

  4. landing distance available (LDA);

Take-off distance available (TODA) is defined as the distance available to an aeroplane for completion of its ground run, lift-off and initial climb to 35 ft. This will normally be the full length of the runway plus the length of any CWY

TODA = TORA + CWY

Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) is defined as the length of the take-off run available plus the length of any SWY. Any CWY is not involved.

ASDA = TORA + SWY

Landing distance available (LDA) is defined as the length of runway available for the ground run of a landing aeroplane. The LDA commences at the runway threshold. Neither SWY nor CWY are involved.

LDA = Length of RWY (if threshold is not displaced.)

knitr::include_graphics("./figures/Declared_Distances.jpg")

TORA and TODA calculation from taxiway intersections, “backcorner”

4.0.2 Runway

runway condition & contamination

runway and taxiway dimensions many tables and aerodrome codes :(

4.0.3 Signals

standard signals/signalling area

4.0.4 Signalling Lamp - Light Gun

BOOKDOWN EXAMPLE FOR ADDING CITATIONS
You can write citations, too. For example, we are using the bookdown package (Xie 2021) in this sample book, which was built on top of R Markdown and knitr (Xie 2015).

References

Xie, Yihui. 2015. Dynamic Documents with R and Knitr. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman; Hall/CRC. http://yihui.name/knitr/.

Xie, Yihui. 2021. Bookdown: Authoring Books and Technical Documents with R Markdown. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bookdown.